Some Historical Events (For Reference)

(Submitted by Kay Deuster)

1650	-	Charles II of England lands in Scotland & is crowned king

1650	Sept. 3	Cromwell defeats Charles II at battle of Worcester & Charles flees to France

1652	-	War between England & Holland

1653	Dec. 16	Oliver Cromwell become Lord Protector of England, Scotland & Ireland

1659	Nov. 7	Treaty of Pyrenees between France & Spain

1664	Aug. 27	Dutch surrender New Amsterdam to English & rename it New York

1665	-	April Great Plague in London

1672	-	France and England at war with Holland

1681	May 4	Charter of Pennsylvania granted to Wm. Penn

1682	-	Louisiana claimed for France by La Salle

1682	-	Philadelphia is founded soon after Penn's arrival in Pennsylvania

1684	-	Massachusetts Bay charter is withdrawn & the company ceases to exist

1685	Oct. 18	Louis XIV of France revokes religious freedom & forbids practice of Protestantism

1686	-	The New England colonies are combined to form the Dominion of New England

1688	-	France supports uprising in Scotland

1689	-	King William's War - English aided by Iroquois fight the French and their Indian allies from Maine to Canada

1689	-	Reign of Peter I - introduces civilization to Russia & moves capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg

1697	Sept. 30	Treaty of Ryswick - France, England, Spain, and Holland sign treaty

1700	-	The Great Northern War is fought mostly in Poland

1702	-	Queen Anne's War - English take Acadia, which becomes Nova Scotia

1707	May 1	England & Scotland joined under name of United Kingdom of Great Britain

1709	July 8	Charles XII of Sweden is Defeated by Peter the Great of Russia

1713	Apr. 11	Treaty of Utrecht - England retain Gibraltar, and gains Minorca, Savoy is given Sardinia, Austria is given Spanish Netherlands (Belgium) and retain Naples Milan & Sicily

1719	-	Colony of Carolina is divided and becomes the royal colonies of North & South Carolina

1733	-	Colony of Georgia is founded, the last of the 13 colonies

1733	-	War of Polish Succession (Ends in 1738)

1739	-	War between England & Spain

1740	-	War of Austrian Succession (Ends in 1748)

1743	-	King George's War -English aided by the Mohawks and the Iroquois fight the French

1745	-	Jacobine Rebellion - The Stuarts try for the last time to take the English throne

1748	Oct.	Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle - Anglo-French frontiers are restored, Austria is given Belgium

1756	June 20	English prisoners are put into the Black Hole of Calcutta by the Nawab of Bengal

1756	-	Seven Years War - Great Britain, Prussia, and Hanover are at war with France, Austria, Russia, Saxony, Sweden and after 1762 Spain. Ends 1763

1756	-	French & Indian War, extension of the Seven Years War but in America, he American colonists and the English fight French in Canada and on the Canadian-American border

1759	Aug. 12	Austrian and Russian armies defeat Frederick II of Prussia and occupy Berlin

1763	Feb. 10	Treaty of Paris end the French and Indian War in America - France loses Acadia, Cape Breton and all of Canada and most of eastern Louisiana - England receives Florida from Spain

1763	Feb. 15	End of Seven Year War between Austria and Prussia - Prussia become military power

1765	Mar. 22	Stamp Act - tax imposed on American by British

1765	Mar 24	Quartering Act - provides for the board and upkeep of British troop in America

1765	May 25	Patrick Henry offers resolutions to Virginia House of Burgesses

1765	Oct. 7	Stamp Act Congress meets In New York and delegates from 9 colonies draw up Declaration of Rights and Grievances

1766	Mar	British repeal Stamp Act & pass Declamatory Act giving the King authority to make laws affecting the colonies

1767	June 29	Townshend Acts - new series of taxes for the Colonies

1768	-	Russia and the Ottoman empire are at war

1770	Mar 5	Boston Massacre - Several American are killed & wounded by British troops in clashes

1773	Dec. 16	Boston Tea Party

1774	Sept. 5	First Continental Congress is held in Philadelphia

1775	Apr. 19	Battles of Lexington & Concord starts War for Independence

1775	May 10-12	Ethan Allen takes Ticonderogia & Seth Warner takes Crown Point

1775	June 15	George Washington made commander-in-chief of the Continental Army

1775	June 17	Battle of Bunker Hill - Severe causalities on the British but American pushed back

1775	July 17 to Mar 17, 1776	Americans lay siege to Boston

1776	July 4	Congress adopts Declaration of Independence

1776	Aug. 27	American defeated at Battle of Long Island

1776	Sept. 15	British occupy New York & Washington withdraws to Harlem Heights

1776	Oct. 11-13	American led By General Benedict Arnold defeated in naval battle on Lake Champlain

1776	Nov. 16	British take Fort Washington

1776	Dec. 26	Battle of Trenton - Washington crosses Delaware & defeats the Hessians

1777	Oct. 7-17	Battle of Saratoga - British are defeated & surrender to General Gates

1778	June 18	British evacuate Philadelphia

1778	-	War of Bavarian Succession - Austria & Bavaria

1779	June	Spain declares war on England

1780	May	British take Charleston

1780	July	French army of 6,000 land in Newport

1780	Sept. 23	Plot of Benedict Arnold is exposed at West Point

1781	Sept. 30	British are besieged in Yorktown by Washington

1782	Nov. 30	United States & Britain sign Treaty of Paris ending the War for Independence

1787	May	Delegates sign the Constitution in Philadelphia

1788	June	New Hampshire ratifies Constitution

1789	Apr. 30	Washington 1st president

1789	July 14	Bastille in Paris is stormed - beginning of the French Revolution

1791	Mar 4	Vermont is the 14th state

1791	Sept. 2-7	1,000 counter-revolutionaries killed in Paris

1792	June 1	Kentucky is the 15th state

1793	Jan 21	Louis XVI is guillotined in Paris

1793	Jan 23	Poland & Prussia fight over Polish constitution

1793	Feb. 1	France declares war on Spain, Great Britain and Holland

1793 - 1794	-	Reign of Terror in France

1794	Mar 24	Polish uprising defeated by Russian & Prussian army

1794	May 6	Haitian revolt against the French

1795	Mar 5	Peace between France & Prussia & Spain in June

1795	Oct. 24	Russia, Prussia and Austria absorb the last Polish territory

1796	June 1	Tennessee becomes the 16th state

1796	Oct. 17	Napoleon drives Austrians from Italy, France annexes Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine

1798	July 21	Napoleon takes Cairo

1798	Aug. 1	British destroy French fleet at Abukir, cutting off Bonaparte army from France

1803	-	France & Britain are again at war

1803	Mar 1	Ohio becomes the 17th state

1803	-	Louisiana Purchase from France

1804	May 18	Bonaparte is proclaimed emperor of France

1805	Oct. 21	British defeat the French and Spanish fleets

1805	Dec. 2	Napoleon defeat Russians and the Austrians

1806	Oct. 14	Napoleon defeats Prussia and occupies Berlin

1807	June 14	French defeat Russians

1807	July 7-9	Treaty between France, Russia & Prussia

1808	-	British fight the French in Portugal & Spain

1809	July 5	Napoleon defeats the Austrians

1810	July 9	Kingdom of Holland is annexed to French empire

1812	Apr. 30	Louisiana becomes the 18th state

1812	June	Napoleon invades Russia

1812	Sept. 7	Russians retreat and French occupy Moscow

1812	Sept. 19	Napoleon's retreat from Russia begins

1812	to 12-24-1814	War of 1812 - War on Britain by the U.S. due to the imprisonment of sailors, violation of the 3 mile limit and paper blockade

1813	Oct. 16-19	Napoleon is defeated by Prussia, Russia & Austria

1813	-	Battle of Lake Erie - Perry defeats the British

1814	Aug. 24	British burn Washington D.C.

1814	Sept.	Congress of Vienna end the wars of the Napoleonic era

1815	Jan 8	Andrew Jackson defeats the British at New Orleans after the peace treaty is signed

1815	June 18	Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo by the British

1816	Dec. 11	Indiana is the 19th state

1817	Dec. 10	Mississippi is the 20th state (slave state)

1817	-	Seminole Was results in the cession of Florida to the U.S. by Spain

1818	Dec. 3	Illinois is the 21st state (free state)

1819	Dec. 14	Alabama is the 22nd state (slave state)

1820	Mar 20	Maine is the 23rd state (free)

1821	Jan 17	Spain confirms grant in Texas to Austin

1821	Aug. 10	Missouri is the 24th state

1824	Apr. 17	Treaty between Russia & the US, Russia is given Alaskan territory

1830	Aug. 25	Belgian revolution against the Kingdom of the Netherlands

1836	Mar 6	Battle of the Alamo

1836	Jun. 15	Arkansas is the 25th state

1837	Jan 26	Michigan is the 26th state

1839	Apr. 19	Belgium and the Netherlands become separate kingdoms

1845	Mar 3	Florida is the 27th state

1845	Dec. 29	Texas is the 28th state

1846	Dec. 28	Iowa is the 29th state

1846 - 1848	-	War between US and Mexico

1847	-	Mormons let by Brigham Young settle in Salt Lake City

1848	May 29	Wisconsin becomes the 30th state

1848	May to May 1849	Revolution in Germany

1848-1849		Revolution in Hungry

1850	Sept. 9	California is the 31st state

1854-1856	-	Crimean War, Great Britain, France, Turkey, and Sardinia battle against Russia

1858	May 11	Minnesota become the 32nd state

1859	Feb. 14	Oregon enters the union as the 33rd state

1859	Oct. 19	Raid on Harpers Ferry, West Virginia

1859	Dec. 2	John Brown is hanged

1860	Dec. 20	South Carolina secedes from the union

1861	Jan 29	Kansas become the 34th state

1861-1865	-	The American Civil War

1861	Apr. 12	Bombardment of Ft Sumter in Charleston harbor by the confederate forces

1861	Jul. 21	First battle of Bull Run. Union troops are routed

1862	Mar 9	The Union iron clad Monitor defeats the confederate ironclad Merrimac.

1862	Sept. 15	Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson captures Harpers Ferry, West Virginia

1862	Sept. 17	Battle of Antietam, Maryland. Confederate Gen. Robert E Lee is checked and driven back to Virginia

1863	May 1-4	Battle of Chancellorsville. Union forces defeated by the confederates & Gen. Jackson is killed

1863	Jun. 20	West Virginia becomes the 35th state

1863	Jul. 1-3	Battle of Gettysburg. Lee forced back to the Potomac

1863	Jul. 4	Vicksburg surrenders to the union troops

1863	Nov. 23-25	Battle of Chattanooga Confederate troops driven out of Tennessee

1864	May 5-6	First Battle of the Wilderness, near Chancellorsville, Virginia Grant holds his ground against Lee

1864	May 5 - Dec. 20	Union general Wm. Tecumseh Sherman marches through Georgia to the sea

1864	Oct. 31	Nevada becomes the 36th state

1865	Apr. 09	General Lee surrenders to Union forces at Appomattox

1865	Apr. 14	Lincoln assassinated

1866	Jun. - Aug.	Seven Weeks war, Bismark provokes Austria

1867	Mar 1	Nebraska is the 37th state

1867	Mar 30	Seward Folly, U.S. acquires Alaska from Russia

1870-1871	-	Franco Prussian Wars

1876	Jun. 25	Custers last stand, Little Big Horn, Montana

1876	Aug. 1	Colorado enters the union as the 38th state

1887	Jan 20	Pearl Harbor is obtained from Hawaii by the U.S. as a naval station

1889	Nov. 2	North Dakota & South Dakota become the 39th and 40th states

1889	Nov. 8	Montana becomes the 41st state

1889	Nov. 11	Washington becomes the 42nd state

1890	Jul. 3	Idaho becomes the 43rd state

1890	Jul. 10	Wyoming becomes the 44th state

1896	Jan 4	Utah becomes the 45th state

1898	Feb. 15	US battleship Maine explodes in Havana Harbor

1898	Dec. 10	Treaty of Paris ends the Spanish-American War

1907	Nov. 16	Oklahoma becomes the 46th state

1912	Jan 6	New Mexico become the 47th state

1912	Feb. 14	Arizona becomes the 48th state

1914	Jul. 28 to Nov. 11, 1918	World War I

1914	Aug. 1	Germany declares war on Russia

1914	Aug. 3	Germany declares war of France

1914	Aug. 4	Great Britain declares war on Germany

1914	Aug. 23	Japan declares war on Germany

1914	Aug. 30	First Germany raid on Paris

1914	Sept. 5-12	Battle of the Marne on the western front

1915	May 17	Sinking of the Lusitania

1917	Apr. 6	U.S. declares war on Germany

1917	Dec. 9	Jerusalem is taken by the British

1918	Jul. 15-Aug. 7	Second Battle of the Marne

1918	Nov. 11	Armistice on the Western Front

1929	Oct. 29	Crash of the New York Stock Market begins the depression in the U.S.

1933	Jan 30	Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany

1933	Feb. 27	Burning of the German Reichstag by the Nazis

1934	Jan 26	Poland & Germany sign a non-aggression pact

1934	Mar 22	Philippine independence granted by the U.S. to begin in 1945

1936	Jul. 18 to Mar 28, 1939	The Spanish Civil War

1938	Mar 12	Germany invades Austria

1939	Sept. 1 to Sept. 2, 1945	World War II

1939	Sept. 3	England & France declare war on Germany

1940	Apr. 09	Denmark & Norway invaded by Germany

1940	Jun. 10	Italy declares ware against Great Britain & France

1940	June 14	German troops occupy Paris

1941	Apr. 6	German troops invade Yugoslavia & Greece

1941	June 22	Germany invades Russia

1941	June 7	Japanese attack Pearl Harbor

1941	Dec. 10	Luzon (Philippines) occupied by Japanese troops

1941	Dec. 11	Guam occupied

1941	Dec. 23	Japanese take Wake Island & occupy Honk Kong

1942	Jan 2	Japanese troops occupy Manila

1942	Jan 23	Battle of Macassar Strait. U S and Dutch forces inflict losses on Japanese

1942	Feb. 1	Japanese bases in the Marshall & Gilbert Island are attacked

1942	Feb. 27 to Mar 1	Battle of Java Sea won by Japan

1942	Mar 13	Japanese troops land in the Solomon Islands

1942	Apr. 9	Bataan falls to the Japanese

1942	Apr. 18	Bombers led by colonel James Doolittle, from the U S carrier Hornet, raid Tokyo

1942	May 4-8	Battle of the Coral Sea

1942	May 6	General Jonathan Wainwright surrenders Corregidor to Japanese

1942	June 3-6	Battle of Midway. Japan received heavy losses

1942	Aug. 7	U S troops land on Guadalcanal

1942	Oct. 26	1st Battle of the Solomon Islands

1942	Nov. 2	British 8th Army defeat Germans at El Alamein

1942	Nov. 8	Anglo-American forces invade North Africa

1942	Nov. 30	US naval victory in the 3rd battle of the Solomons

1943	Feb. 2	Russia rids Stalingrad of German forces

1943	Feb. 8	End of Japanese resistance on Guadalcanal

1943	May 12	End of German resistance in North Africa

1943	June 22	Allies land in New Guinea

1943	July 9-10	Invasion of Sicily

1943	Oct. 1	US forces capture Naples

1943	Nov. 1	US troops land on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands

1943	Nov. 20-24	Gilbert Islands of Tarawa and Makin are captured by U S forces

1943	Dec. 26	Allied Troops land on Cape Gloucester, New Britain

1944	Jan 22	Allied forced establish a beachhead at Nazi

1944	Jan 31	US troops attack the Marshall Islands

1944	Feb. 16-17	US Navy attacks Japanese main fleet at Truk, in the Caroline Islands

1944	June 6	D-Day Invasion. Allied troops land on Cherbourg peninsula

1944	June 15 to July 8	US forces take Saipan in the Marianas islands

1944	June 17	British cities are bombed for first time by V2’s

1944	June 19	Battle of Philippine Sea. Heavy losses to Japs

1944	July 20	US troops land on Guam, Marianas Islands

1944	Aug. 15	US 7th Army land in south of France

1944	Aug. 25	Liberation of Paris by U S & French troops

1944	Sept. 17	Allied airborne troop land at Arnheim, Holland

1944	Dec. 16-26	Battle of the Bulge, Belgian & Luxembourg sector

1945	Feb. 4	US forces enter Manila

1945	Feb. 19 to Mar 16	Battle of Iwo Jima

1945	Apr. 1 to June 21	Invasion of Okinawa by U S troops

1945	Apr. 30	Hitler dies

1945	May 7	Germany surrenders unconditionally

1945	May 8	V-E Day. The War ends in Europe

1945	July 5	Reconquest of the Philippines is announced

1945	Aug. 6	Atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan

1945	Aug. 9	Second atom bomb is dropped on Nagasaki, Japan

1945	Sept. 2	V-J Day